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- .\" ========================================================================
- .\"
- .IX Title "OPENSSL_LH_COMPFUNC 3ossl"
- .TH OPENSSL_LH_COMPFUNC 3ossl "2024-09-03" "3.3.2" "OpenSSL"
- .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
- .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
- .if n .ad l
- .nh
- .SH "NAME"
- LHASH, LHASH_OF, DEFINE_LHASH_OF_EX, DEFINE_LHASH_OF,
- OPENSSL_LH_COMPFUNC, OPENSSL_LH_HASHFUNC, OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNC,
- LHASH_DOALL_ARG_FN_TYPE,
- IMPLEMENT_LHASH_HASH_FN, IMPLEMENT_LHASH_COMP_FN,
- lh_TYPE_new, lh_TYPE_free, lh_TYPE_flush,
- lh_TYPE_insert, lh_TYPE_delete, lh_TYPE_retrieve,
- lh_TYPE_doall, lh_TYPE_doall_arg, lh_TYPE_num_items, lh_TYPE_get_down_load,
- lh_TYPE_set_down_load, lh_TYPE_error,
- OPENSSL_LH_new, OPENSSL_LH_free, OPENSSL_LH_flush,
- OPENSSL_LH_insert, OPENSSL_LH_delete, OPENSSL_LH_retrieve,
- OPENSSL_LH_doall, OPENSSL_LH_doall_arg, OPENSSL_LH_doall_arg_thunk,
- OPENSSL_LH_set_thunks, OPENSSL_LH_num_items,
- OPENSSL_LH_get_down_load, OPENSSL_LH_set_down_load, OPENSSL_LH_error
- \&\- dynamic hash table
- .SH "SYNOPSIS"
- .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
- .Vb 1
- \& #include <openssl/lhash.h>
- \&
- \& LHASH_OF(TYPE)
- \&
- \& DEFINE_LHASH_OF_EX(TYPE);
- \&
- \& LHASH_OF(TYPE) *lh_TYPE_new(OPENSSL_LH_HASHFUNC hash, OPENSSL_LH_COMPFUNC compare);
- \& void lh_TYPE_free(LHASH_OF(TYPE) *table);
- \& void lh_TYPE_flush(LHASH_OF(TYPE) *table);
- \& OPENSSL_LHASH *OPENSSL_LH_set_thunks(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh,
- \& OPENSSL_LH_HASHFUNCTHUNK hw,
- \& OPENSSL_LH_COMPFUNCTHUNK cw,
- \& OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNC_THUNK daw,
- \& OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNCARG_THUNK daaw)
- \&
- \& TYPE *lh_TYPE_insert(LHASH_OF(TYPE) *table, TYPE *data);
- \& TYPE *lh_TYPE_delete(LHASH_OF(TYPE) *table, TYPE *data);
- \& TYPE *lh_TYPE_retrieve(LHASH_OF(TYPE) *table, TYPE *data);
- \&
- \& void lh_TYPE_doall(LHASH_OF(TYPE) *table, OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNC func);
- \& void lh_TYPE_doall_arg(LHASH_OF(TYPE) *table, OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNCARG func,
- \& TYPE *arg);
- \& void OPENSSL_LH_doall_arg_thunk(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh,
- \& OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNCARG_THUNK daaw,
- \& OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNCARG fn, void *arg)
- \&
- \& unsigned long lh_TYPE_num_items(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh);
- \& unsigned long lh_TYPE_get_down_load(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh);
- \& void lh_TYPE_set_down_load(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh, unsigned long dl);
- \&
- \& int lh_TYPE_error(LHASH_OF(TYPE) *table);
- \&
- \& typedef int (*OPENSSL_LH_COMPFUNC)(const void *, const void *);
- \& typedef unsigned long (*OPENSSL_LH_HASHFUNC)(const void *);
- \& typedef void (*OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNC)(const void *);
- \& typedef void (*LHASH_DOALL_ARG_FN_TYPE)(const void *, const void *);
- \&
- \& OPENSSL_LHASH *OPENSSL_LH_new(OPENSSL_LH_HASHFUNC h, OPENSSL_LH_COMPFUNC c);
- \& void OPENSSL_LH_free(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh);
- \& void OPENSSL_LH_flush(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh);
- \&
- \& void *OPENSSL_LH_insert(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh, void *data);
- \& void *OPENSSL_LH_delete(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh, const void *data);
- \& void *OPENSSL_LH_retrieve(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh, const void *data);
- \&
- \& void OPENSSL_LH_doall(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh, OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNC func);
- \& void OPENSSL_LH_doall_arg(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh, OPENSSL_LH_DOALL_FUNCARG func, void *arg);
- \&
- \& unsigned long OPENSSL_LH_num_items(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh);
- \& unsigned long OPENSSL_LH_get_down_load(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh);
- \& void OPENSSL_LH_set_down_load(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh, unsigned long dl);
- \&
- \& int OPENSSL_LH_error(OPENSSL_LHASH *lh);
- \&
- \& #define LH_LOAD_MULT /* integer constant */
- .Ve
- .PP
- The following macro is deprecated:
- .PP
- .Vb 1
- \& DEFINE_LHASH_OF(TYPE);
- .Ve
- .SH "DESCRIPTION"
- .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
- This library implements type-checked dynamic hash tables. The hash
- table entries can be arbitrary structures. Usually they consist of key
- and value fields. In the description here, \fB\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR is used a placeholder
- for any of the OpenSSL datatypes, such as \fI\s-1SSL_SESSION\s0\fR.
- .PP
- To define a new type-checked dynamic hash table, use \fB\s-1DEFINE_LHASH_OF_EX\s0\fR().
- \&\fB\s-1DEFINE_LHASH_OF\s0\fR() was previously used for this purpose, but is now
- deprecated. The \fB\s-1DEFINE_LHASH_OF_EX\s0\fR() macro provides all functionality of
- \&\fB\s-1DEFINE_LHASH_OF\s0\fR() except for certain deprecated statistics functions (see
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_stats\fR\|(3)).
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_new\fR() creates a new \fB\s-1LHASH_OF\s0\fR(\fB\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR) structure to store
- arbitrary data entries, and specifies the 'hash' and 'compare'
- callbacks to be used in organising the table's entries. The \fIhash\fR
- callback takes a pointer to a table entry as its argument and returns
- an unsigned long hash value for its key field. The hash value is
- normally truncated to a power of 2, so make sure that your hash
- function returns well mixed low order bits. The \fIcompare\fR callback
- takes two arguments (pointers to two hash table entries), and returns
- 0 if their keys are equal, nonzero otherwise.
- .PP
- If your hash table
- will contain items of some particular type and the \fIhash\fR and
- \&\fIcompare\fR callbacks hash/compare these types, then the
- \&\fB\s-1IMPLEMENT_LHASH_HASH_FN\s0\fR and \fB\s-1IMPLEMENT_LHASH_COMP_FN\s0\fR macros can be
- used to create callback wrappers of the prototypes required by
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_new\fR() as shown in this example:
- .PP
- .Vb 11
- \& /*
- \& * Implement the hash and compare functions; "stuff" can be any word.
- \& */
- \& static unsigned long stuff_hash(const TYPE *a)
- \& {
- \& ...
- \& }
- \& static int stuff_cmp(const TYPE *a, const TYPE *b)
- \& {
- \& ...
- \& }
- \&
- \& /*
- \& * Implement the wrapper functions.
- \& */
- \& static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_HASH_FN(stuff, TYPE)
- \& static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_COMP_FN(stuff, TYPE)
- .Ve
- .PP
- If the type is going to be used in several places, the following macros
- can be used in a common header file to declare the function wrappers:
- .PP
- .Vb 2
- \& DECLARE_LHASH_HASH_FN(stuff, TYPE)
- \& DECLARE_LHASH_COMP_FN(stuff, TYPE)
- .Ve
- .PP
- Then a hash table of \fB\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR objects can be created using this:
- .PP
- .Vb 1
- \& LHASH_OF(TYPE) *htable;
- \&
- \& htable = B<lh_I<TYPE>_new>(LHASH_HASH_FN(stuff), LHASH_COMP_FN(stuff));
- .Ve
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_free\fR() frees the \fB\s-1LHASH_OF\s0\fR(\fB\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR) structure
- \&\fItable\fR. Allocated hash table entries will not be freed; consider
- using \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() to deallocate any remaining entries in the
- hash table (see below). If the argument is \s-1NULL,\s0 nothing is done.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_flush\fR() empties the \fB\s-1LHASH_OF\s0\fR(\fB\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR) structure \fItable\fR. New
- entries can be added to the flushed table. Allocated hash table entries
- will not be freed; consider using \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() to deallocate any
- remaining entries in the hash table (see below).
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_insert\fR() inserts the structure pointed to by \fIdata\fR into
- \&\fItable\fR. If there already is an entry with the same key, the old
- value is replaced. Note that \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_insert\fR() stores pointers, the
- data are not copied.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_delete\fR() deletes an entry from \fItable\fR.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_retrieve\fR() looks up an entry in \fItable\fR. Normally, \fIdata\fR
- is a structure with the key field(s) set; the function will return a
- pointer to a fully populated structure.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() will, for every entry in the hash table, call
- \&\fIfunc\fR with the data item as its parameter.
- For example:
- .PP
- .Vb 2
- \& /* Cleans up resources belonging to \*(Aqa\*(Aq (this is implemented elsewhere) */
- \& void TYPE_cleanup_doall(TYPE *a);
- \&
- \& /* Implement a prototype\-compatible wrapper for "TYPE_cleanup" */
- \& IMPLEMENT_LHASH_DOALL_FN(TYPE_cleanup, TYPE)
- \&
- \& /* Call "TYPE_cleanup" against all items in a hash table. */
- \& lh_TYPE_doall(hashtable, LHASH_DOALL_FN(TYPE_cleanup));
- \&
- \& /* Then the hash table itself can be deallocated */
- \& lh_TYPE_free(hashtable);
- .Ve
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall_arg\fR() is the same as \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() except that
- \&\fIfunc\fR will be called with \fIarg\fR as the second argument and \fIfunc\fR
- should be of type \fB\s-1LHASH_DOALL_ARG_FN\s0\fR(\fB\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR) (a callback prototype
- that is passed both the table entry and an extra argument). As with
- \&\fBlh_doall()\fR, you can instead choose to declare your callback with a
- prototype matching the types you are dealing with and use the
- declare/implement macros to create compatible wrappers that cast
- variables before calling your type-specific callbacks. An example of
- this is demonstrated here (printing all hash table entries to a \s-1BIO\s0
- that is provided by the caller):
- .PP
- .Vb 2
- \& /* Prints item \*(Aqa\*(Aq to \*(Aqoutput_bio\*(Aq (this is implemented elsewhere) */
- \& void TYPE_print_doall_arg(const TYPE *a, BIO *output_bio);
- \&
- \& /* Implement a prototype\-compatible wrapper for "TYPE_print" */
- \& static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_DOALL_ARG_FN(TYPE, const TYPE, BIO)
- \&
- \& /* Print out the entire hashtable to a particular BIO */
- \& lh_TYPE_doall_arg(hashtable, LHASH_DOALL_ARG_FN(TYPE_print), BIO,
- \& logging_bio);
- .Ve
- .PP
- Note that it is by default \fBnot\fR safe to use \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_delete\fR() inside a
- callback passed to \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() or \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall_arg\fR(). The
- reason for this is that deleting an item from the hash table may result in the
- hash table being contracted to a smaller size and rehashed.
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() and \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall_arg\fR() are unsafe and will exhibit
- undefined behaviour under these conditions, as these functions assume the hash
- table size and bucket pointers do not change during the call.
- .PP
- If it is desired to use \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() or \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall_arg\fR() with
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_delete\fR(), it is essential that you call
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_set_down_load\fR() with a \fIdown_load\fR argument of 0 first. This
- disables hash table contraction and guarantees that it will be safe to delete
- items from a hash table during a call to \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() or
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall_arg\fR().
- .PP
- It is never safe to call \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_insert\fR() during a call to
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() or \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall_arg\fR().
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_error\fR() can be used to determine if an error occurred in the last
- operation.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_num_items\fR() returns the number of items in the hash table.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_get_down_load\fR() and \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_set_down_load\fR() get and set the
- factor used to determine when the hash table is contracted. The factor is the
- load factor at or below which hash table contraction will occur, multiplied by
- \&\fB\s-1LH_LOAD_MULT\s0\fR, where the load factor is the number of items divided by the
- number of nodes. Setting this value to 0 disables hash table contraction.
- .PP
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_new()\fR is the same as the \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_new\fR() except that it is not
- type specific. So instead of returning an \fB\s-1LHASH_OF\s0(\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB)\fR value it returns
- a \fBvoid *\fR. In the same way the functions \fBOPENSSL_LH_free()\fR,
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_flush()\fR, \fBOPENSSL_LH_insert()\fR, \fBOPENSSL_LH_delete()\fR,
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_retrieve()\fR, \fBOPENSSL_LH_doall()\fR, \fBOPENSSL_LH_doall_arg()\fR,
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_num_items()\fR, \fBOPENSSL_LH_get_down_load()\fR, \fBOPENSSL_LH_set_down_load()\fR
- and \fBOPENSSL_LH_error()\fR are equivalent to the similarly named \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR
- functions except that they return or use a \fBvoid *\fR where the equivalent
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR function returns or uses a \fB\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB *\fR or \fB\s-1LHASH_OF\s0(\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB) *\fR.
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB\fR functions are implemented as type checked wrappers around the
- \&\fB\s-1OPENSSL_LH\s0\fR functions. Most applications should not call the \fB\s-1OPENSSL_LH\s0\fR
- functions directly.
- .PP
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_set_thunks()\fR and \fBOPENSSL_LH_doall_arg_thunk()\fR, while public by
- necessity, are actually internal functions and should not be used.
- .SH "RETURN VALUES"
- .IX Header "RETURN VALUES"
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_new\fR() and \fBOPENSSL_LH_new()\fR return \s-1NULL\s0 on error, otherwise a
- pointer to the new \fB\s-1LHASH\s0\fR structure.
- .PP
- When a hash table entry is replaced, \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_insert\fR() or
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_insert()\fR return the value being replaced. \s-1NULL\s0 is returned on normal
- operation and on error.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_delete\fR() and \fBOPENSSL_LH_delete()\fR return the entry being deleted.
- \&\s-1NULL\s0 is returned if there is no such value in the hash table.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_retrieve\fR() and \fBOPENSSL_LH_retrieve()\fR return the hash table entry
- if it has been found, \s-1NULL\s0 otherwise.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_error\fR() and \fBOPENSSL_LH_error()\fR return 1 if an error occurred in
- the last operation, 0 otherwise. It's meaningful only after non-retrieve
- operations.
- .PP
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_free\fR(), \fBOPENSSL_LH_free()\fR, \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_flush\fR(),
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_flush()\fR, \fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall\fR() \fBOPENSSL_LH_doall()\fR,
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_doall_arg\fR() and \fBOPENSSL_LH_doall_arg()\fR return no values.
- .SH "NOTE"
- .IX Header "NOTE"
- The \s-1LHASH\s0 code is not thread safe. All updating operations, as well as
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_error\fR() or \fBOPENSSL_LH_error()\fR calls must be performed under
- a write lock. All retrieve operations should be performed under a read lock,
- \&\fIunless\fR accurate usage statistics are desired. In which case, a write lock
- should be used for retrieve operations as well. For output of the usage
- statistics, using the functions from \fBOPENSSL_LH_stats\fR\|(3), a read lock
- suffices.
- .PP
- The \s-1LHASH\s0 code regards table entries as constant data. As such, it
- internally represents \fBlh_insert()\fR'd items with a \*(L"const void *\*(R"
- pointer type. This is why callbacks such as those used by \fBlh_doall()\fR
- and \fBlh_doall_arg()\fR declare their prototypes with \*(L"const\*(R", even for the
- parameters that pass back the table items' data pointers \- for
- consistency, user-provided data is \*(L"const\*(R" at all times as far as the
- \&\s-1LHASH\s0 code is concerned. However, as callers are themselves providing
- these pointers, they can choose whether they too should be treating
- all such parameters as constant.
- .PP
- As an example, a hash table may be maintained by code that, for
- reasons of encapsulation, has only \*(L"const\*(R" access to the data being
- indexed in the hash table (i.e. it is returned as \*(L"const\*(R" from
- elsewhere in their code) \- in this case the \s-1LHASH\s0 prototypes are
- appropriate as-is. Conversely, if the caller is responsible for the
- life-time of the data in question, then they may well wish to make
- modifications to table item passed back in the \fBlh_doall()\fR or
- \&\fBlh_doall_arg()\fR callbacks (see the \*(L"TYPE_cleanup\*(R" example above). If
- so, the caller can either cast the \*(L"const\*(R" away (if they're providing
- the raw callbacks themselves) or use the macros to declare/implement
- the wrapper functions without \*(L"const\*(R" types.
- .PP
- Callers that only have \*(L"const\*(R" access to data they're indexing in a
- table, yet declare callbacks without constant types (or cast the
- \&\*(L"const\*(R" away themselves), are therefore creating their own risks/bugs
- without being encouraged to do so by the \s-1API.\s0 On a related note,
- those auditing code should pay special attention to any instances of
- DECLARE/IMPLEMENT_LHASH_DOALL_[\s-1ARG_\s0]_FN macros that provide types
- without any \*(L"const\*(R" qualifiers.
- .SH "BUGS"
- .IX Header "BUGS"
- \&\fBlh_\f(BI\s-1TYPE\s0\fB_insert\fR() and \fBOPENSSL_LH_insert()\fR return \s-1NULL\s0 both for success
- and error.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
- \&\fBOPENSSL_LH_stats\fR\|(3)
- .SH "HISTORY"
- .IX Header "HISTORY"
- In OpenSSL 1.0.0, the lhash interface was revamped for better
- type checking.
- .PP
- In OpenSSL 3.1, \fB\s-1DEFINE_LHASH_OF_EX\s0\fR() was introduced and \fB\s-1DEFINE_LHASH_OF\s0\fR()
- was deprecated.
- .SH "COPYRIGHT"
- .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
- Copyright 2000\-2024 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
- .PP
- Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
- this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
- in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
- <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
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