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- import unittest
- GLOBAL_VAR = None
- class NamedExpressionInvalidTest(unittest.TestCase):
- def test_named_expression_invalid_01(self):
- code = """x := 0"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_02(self):
- code = """x = y := 0"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_03(self):
- code = """y := f(x)"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_04(self):
- code = """y0 = y1 := f(x)"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_06(self):
- code = """((a, b) := (1, 2))"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "cannot use assignment expressions with tuple"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_07(self):
- code = """def spam(a = b := 42): pass"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_08(self):
- code = """def spam(a: b := 42 = 5): pass"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_09(self):
- code = """spam(a=b := 'c')"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_10(self):
- code = """spam(x = y := f(x))"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_11(self):
- code = """spam(a=1, b := 2)"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError,
- "positional argument follows keyword argument"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_12(self):
- code = """spam(a=1, (b := 2))"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError,
- "positional argument follows keyword argument"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_13(self):
- code = """spam(a=1, (b := 2))"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError,
- "positional argument follows keyword argument"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_14(self):
- code = """(x := lambda: y := 1)"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_15(self):
- code = """(lambda: x := 1)"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError,
- "cannot use assignment expressions with lambda"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_16(self):
- code = "[i + 1 for i in i := [1,2]]"
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_17(self):
- code = "[i := 0, j := 1 for i, j in [(1, 2), (3, 4)]]"
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError,
- "did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_in_class_body(self):
- code = """class Foo():
- [(42, 1 + ((( j := i )))) for i in range(5)]
- """
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError,
- "assignment expression within a comprehension cannot be used in a class body"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_rebinding_list_comprehension_iteration_variable(self):
- cases = [
- ("Local reuse", 'i', "[i := 0 for i in range(5)]"),
- ("Nested reuse", 'j', "[[(j := 0) for i in range(5)] for j in range(5)]"),
- ("Reuse inner loop target", 'j', "[(j := 0) for i in range(5) for j in range(5)]"),
- ("Unpacking reuse", 'i', "[i := 0 for i, j in [(0, 1)]]"),
- ("Reuse in loop condition", 'i', "[i+1 for i in range(5) if (i := 0)]"),
- ("Unreachable reuse", 'i', "[False or (i:=0) for i in range(5)]"),
- ("Unreachable nested reuse", 'i',
- "[(i, j) for i in range(5) for j in range(5) if True or (i:=10)]"),
- ]
- for case, target, code in cases:
- msg = f"assignment expression cannot rebind comprehension iteration variable '{target}'"
- with self.subTest(case=case):
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_rebinding_list_comprehension_inner_loop(self):
- cases = [
- ("Inner reuse", 'j', "[i for i in range(5) if (j := 0) for j in range(5)]"),
- ("Inner unpacking reuse", 'j', "[i for i in range(5) if (j := 0) for j, k in [(0, 1)]]"),
- ]
- for case, target, code in cases:
- msg = f"comprehension inner loop cannot rebind assignment expression target '{target}'"
- with self.subTest(case=case):
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}) # Module scope
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}, {}) # Class scope
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(f"lambda: {code}", {}) # Function scope
- def test_named_expression_invalid_list_comprehension_iterable_expression(self):
- cases = [
- ("Top level", "[i for i in (i := range(5))]"),
- ("Inside tuple", "[i for i in (2, 3, i := range(5))]"),
- ("Inside list", "[i for i in [2, 3, i := range(5)]]"),
- ("Different name", "[i for i in (j := range(5))]"),
- ("Lambda expression", "[i for i in (lambda:(j := range(5)))()]"),
- ("Inner loop", "[i for i in range(5) for j in (i := range(5))]"),
- ("Nested comprehension", "[i for i in [j for j in (k := range(5))]]"),
- ("Nested comprehension condition", "[i for i in [j for j in range(5) if (j := True)]]"),
- ("Nested comprehension body", "[i for i in [(j := True) for j in range(5)]]"),
- ]
- msg = "assignment expression cannot be used in a comprehension iterable expression"
- for case, code in cases:
- with self.subTest(case=case):
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}) # Module scope
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}, {}) # Class scope
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(f"lambda: {code}", {}) # Function scope
- def test_named_expression_invalid_rebinding_set_comprehension_iteration_variable(self):
- cases = [
- ("Local reuse", 'i', "{i := 0 for i in range(5)}"),
- ("Nested reuse", 'j', "{{(j := 0) for i in range(5)} for j in range(5)}"),
- ("Reuse inner loop target", 'j', "{(j := 0) for i in range(5) for j in range(5)}"),
- ("Unpacking reuse", 'i', "{i := 0 for i, j in {(0, 1)}}"),
- ("Reuse in loop condition", 'i', "{i+1 for i in range(5) if (i := 0)}"),
- ("Unreachable reuse", 'i', "{False or (i:=0) for i in range(5)}"),
- ("Unreachable nested reuse", 'i',
- "{(i, j) for i in range(5) for j in range(5) if True or (i:=10)}"),
- ]
- for case, target, code in cases:
- msg = f"assignment expression cannot rebind comprehension iteration variable '{target}'"
- with self.subTest(case=case):
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_invalid_rebinding_set_comprehension_inner_loop(self):
- cases = [
- ("Inner reuse", 'j', "{i for i in range(5) if (j := 0) for j in range(5)}"),
- ("Inner unpacking reuse", 'j', "{i for i in range(5) if (j := 0) for j, k in {(0, 1)}}"),
- ]
- for case, target, code in cases:
- msg = f"comprehension inner loop cannot rebind assignment expression target '{target}'"
- with self.subTest(case=case):
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}) # Module scope
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}, {}) # Class scope
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(f"lambda: {code}", {}) # Function scope
- def test_named_expression_invalid_set_comprehension_iterable_expression(self):
- cases = [
- ("Top level", "{i for i in (i := range(5))}"),
- ("Inside tuple", "{i for i in (2, 3, i := range(5))}"),
- ("Inside list", "{i for i in {2, 3, i := range(5)}}"),
- ("Different name", "{i for i in (j := range(5))}"),
- ("Lambda expression", "{i for i in (lambda:(j := range(5)))()}"),
- ("Inner loop", "{i for i in range(5) for j in (i := range(5))}"),
- ("Nested comprehension", "{i for i in {j for j in (k := range(5))}}"),
- ("Nested comprehension condition", "{i for i in {j for j in range(5) if (j := True)}}"),
- ("Nested comprehension body", "{i for i in {(j := True) for j in range(5)}}"),
- ]
- msg = "assignment expression cannot be used in a comprehension iterable expression"
- for case, code in cases:
- with self.subTest(case=case):
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}) # Module scope
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(code, {}, {}) # Class scope
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, msg):
- exec(f"lambda: {code}", {}) # Function scope
- class NamedExpressionAssignmentTest(unittest.TestCase):
- def test_named_expression_assignment_01(self):
- (a := 10)
- self.assertEqual(a, 10)
- def test_named_expression_assignment_02(self):
- a = 20
- (a := a)
- self.assertEqual(a, 20)
- def test_named_expression_assignment_03(self):
- (total := 1 + 2)
- self.assertEqual(total, 3)
- def test_named_expression_assignment_04(self):
- (info := (1, 2, 3))
- self.assertEqual(info, (1, 2, 3))
- def test_named_expression_assignment_05(self):
- (x := 1, 2)
- self.assertEqual(x, 1)
- def test_named_expression_assignment_06(self):
- (z := (y := (x := 0)))
- self.assertEqual(x, 0)
- self.assertEqual(y, 0)
- self.assertEqual(z, 0)
- def test_named_expression_assignment_07(self):
- (loc := (1, 2))
- self.assertEqual(loc, (1, 2))
- def test_named_expression_assignment_08(self):
- if spam := "eggs":
- self.assertEqual(spam, "eggs")
- else: self.fail("variable was not assigned using named expression")
- def test_named_expression_assignment_09(self):
- if True and (spam := True):
- self.assertTrue(spam)
- else: self.fail("variable was not assigned using named expression")
- def test_named_expression_assignment_10(self):
- if (match := 10) == 10:
- pass
- else: self.fail("variable was not assigned using named expression")
- def test_named_expression_assignment_11(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- input_data = [1, 2, 3]
- res = [(x, y, x/y) for x in input_data if (y := spam(x)) > 0]
- self.assertEqual(res, [(1, 1, 1.0), (2, 2, 1.0), (3, 3, 1.0)])
- def test_named_expression_assignment_12(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- res = [[y := spam(x), x/y] for x in range(1, 5)]
- self.assertEqual(res, [[1, 1.0], [2, 1.0], [3, 1.0], [4, 1.0]])
- def test_named_expression_assignment_13(self):
- length = len(lines := [1, 2])
- self.assertEqual(length, 2)
- self.assertEqual(lines, [1,2])
- def test_named_expression_assignment_14(self):
- """
- Where all variables are positive integers, and a is at least as large
- as the n'th root of x, this algorithm returns the floor of the n'th
- root of x (and roughly doubling the number of accurate bits per
- iteration):
- """
- a = 9
- n = 2
- x = 3
- while a > (d := x // a**(n-1)):
- a = ((n-1)*a + d) // n
- self.assertEqual(a, 1)
- def test_named_expression_assignment_15(self):
- while a := False:
- pass # This will not run
- self.assertEqual(a, False)
- def test_named_expression_assignment_16(self):
- a, b = 1, 2
- fib = {(c := a): (a := b) + (b := a + c) - b for __ in range(6)}
- self.assertEqual(fib, {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 5, 5: 8, 8: 13, 13: 21})
- def test_named_expression_assignment_17(self):
- a = [1]
- element = a[b:=0]
- self.assertEqual(b, 0)
- self.assertEqual(element, a[0])
- def test_named_expression_assignment_18(self):
- class TwoDimensionalList:
- def __init__(self, two_dimensional_list):
- self.two_dimensional_list = two_dimensional_list
- def __getitem__(self, index):
- return self.two_dimensional_list[index[0]][index[1]]
- a = TwoDimensionalList([[1], [2]])
- element = a[b:=0, c:=0]
- self.assertEqual(b, 0)
- self.assertEqual(c, 0)
- self.assertEqual(element, a.two_dimensional_list[b][c])
- class NamedExpressionScopeTest(unittest.TestCase):
- def test_named_expression_scope_01(self):
- code = """def spam():
- (a := 5)
- print(a)"""
- with self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "name 'a' is not defined"):
- exec(code, {}, {})
- def test_named_expression_scope_02(self):
- total = 0
- partial_sums = [total := total + v for v in range(5)]
- self.assertEqual(partial_sums, [0, 1, 3, 6, 10])
- self.assertEqual(total, 10)
- def test_named_expression_scope_03(self):
- containsOne = any((lastNum := num) == 1 for num in [1, 2, 3])
- self.assertTrue(containsOne)
- self.assertEqual(lastNum, 1)
- def test_named_expression_scope_04(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- res = [[y := spam(x), x/y] for x in range(1, 5)]
- self.assertEqual(y, 4)
- def test_named_expression_scope_05(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- input_data = [1, 2, 3]
- res = [(x, y, x/y) for x in input_data if (y := spam(x)) > 0]
- self.assertEqual(res, [(1, 1, 1.0), (2, 2, 1.0), (3, 3, 1.0)])
- self.assertEqual(y, 3)
- def test_named_expression_scope_06(self):
- res = [[spam := i for i in range(3)] for j in range(2)]
- self.assertEqual(res, [[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2]])
- self.assertEqual(spam, 2)
- def test_named_expression_scope_07(self):
- len(lines := [1, 2])
- self.assertEqual(lines, [1, 2])
- def test_named_expression_scope_08(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- def eggs(b):
- return b * 2
- res = [spam(a := eggs(b := h)) for h in range(2)]
- self.assertEqual(res, [0, 2])
- self.assertEqual(a, 2)
- self.assertEqual(b, 1)
- def test_named_expression_scope_09(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- def eggs(b):
- return b * 2
- res = [spam(a := eggs(a := h)) for h in range(2)]
- self.assertEqual(res, [0, 2])
- self.assertEqual(a, 2)
- def test_named_expression_scope_10(self):
- res = [b := [a := 1 for i in range(2)] for j in range(2)]
- self.assertEqual(res, [[1, 1], [1, 1]])
- self.assertEqual(a, 1)
- self.assertEqual(b, [1, 1])
- def test_named_expression_scope_11(self):
- res = [j := i for i in range(5)]
- self.assertEqual(res, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
- self.assertEqual(j, 4)
- def test_named_expression_scope_17(self):
- b = 0
- res = [b := i + b for i in range(5)]
- self.assertEqual(res, [0, 1, 3, 6, 10])
- self.assertEqual(b, 10)
- def test_named_expression_scope_18(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- res = spam(b := 2)
- self.assertEqual(res, 2)
- self.assertEqual(b, 2)
- def test_named_expression_scope_19(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- res = spam((b := 2))
- self.assertEqual(res, 2)
- self.assertEqual(b, 2)
- def test_named_expression_scope_20(self):
- def spam(a):
- return a
- res = spam(a=(b := 2))
- self.assertEqual(res, 2)
- self.assertEqual(b, 2)
- def test_named_expression_scope_21(self):
- def spam(a, b):
- return a + b
- res = spam(c := 2, b=1)
- self.assertEqual(res, 3)
- self.assertEqual(c, 2)
- def test_named_expression_scope_22(self):
- def spam(a, b):
- return a + b
- res = spam((c := 2), b=1)
- self.assertEqual(res, 3)
- self.assertEqual(c, 2)
- def test_named_expression_scope_23(self):
- def spam(a, b):
- return a + b
- res = spam(b=(c := 2), a=1)
- self.assertEqual(res, 3)
- self.assertEqual(c, 2)
- def test_named_expression_scope_24(self):
- a = 10
- def spam():
- nonlocal a
- (a := 20)
- spam()
- self.assertEqual(a, 20)
- def test_named_expression_scope_25(self):
- ns = {}
- code = """a = 10
- def spam():
- global a
- (a := 20)
- spam()"""
- exec(code, ns, {})
- self.assertEqual(ns["a"], 20)
- def test_named_expression_variable_reuse_in_comprehensions(self):
- # The compiler is expected to raise syntax error for comprehension
- # iteration variables, but should be fine with rebinding of other
- # names (e.g. globals, nonlocals, other assignment expressions)
- # The cases are all defined to produce the same expected result
- # Each comprehension is checked at both function scope and module scope
- rebinding = "[x := i for i in range(3) if (x := i) or not x]"
- filter_ref = "[x := i for i in range(3) if x or not x]"
- body_ref = "[x for i in range(3) if (x := i) or not x]"
- nested_ref = "[j for i in range(3) if x or not x for j in range(3) if (x := i)][:-3]"
- cases = [
- ("Rebind global", f"x = 1; result = {rebinding}"),
- ("Rebind nonlocal", f"result, x = (lambda x=1: ({rebinding}, x))()"),
- ("Filter global", f"x = 1; result = {filter_ref}"),
- ("Filter nonlocal", f"result, x = (lambda x=1: ({filter_ref}, x))()"),
- ("Body global", f"x = 1; result = {body_ref}"),
- ("Body nonlocal", f"result, x = (lambda x=1: ({body_ref}, x))()"),
- ("Nested global", f"x = 1; result = {nested_ref}"),
- ("Nested nonlocal", f"result, x = (lambda x=1: ({nested_ref}, x))()"),
- ]
- for case, code in cases:
- with self.subTest(case=case):
- ns = {}
- exec(code, ns)
- self.assertEqual(ns["x"], 2)
- self.assertEqual(ns["result"], [0, 1, 2])
- def test_named_expression_global_scope(self):
- sentinel = object()
- global GLOBAL_VAR
- def f():
- global GLOBAL_VAR
- [GLOBAL_VAR := sentinel for _ in range(1)]
- self.assertEqual(GLOBAL_VAR, sentinel)
- try:
- f()
- self.assertEqual(GLOBAL_VAR, sentinel)
- finally:
- GLOBAL_VAR = None
- def test_named_expression_global_scope_no_global_keyword(self):
- sentinel = object()
- def f():
- GLOBAL_VAR = None
- [GLOBAL_VAR := sentinel for _ in range(1)]
- self.assertEqual(GLOBAL_VAR, sentinel)
- f()
- self.assertEqual(GLOBAL_VAR, None)
- def test_named_expression_nonlocal_scope(self):
- sentinel = object()
- def f():
- nonlocal_var = None
- def g():
- nonlocal nonlocal_var
- [nonlocal_var := sentinel for _ in range(1)]
- g()
- self.assertEqual(nonlocal_var, sentinel)
- f()
- def test_named_expression_nonlocal_scope_no_nonlocal_keyword(self):
- sentinel = object()
- def f():
- nonlocal_var = None
- def g():
- [nonlocal_var := sentinel for _ in range(1)]
- g()
- self.assertEqual(nonlocal_var, None)
- f()
- def test_named_expression_scope_in_genexp(self):
- a = 1
- b = [1, 2, 3, 4]
- genexp = (c := i + a for i in b)
- self.assertNotIn("c", locals())
- for idx, elem in enumerate(genexp):
- self.assertEqual(elem, b[idx] + a)
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- unittest.main()
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